Projecto e património edificado em São Paulo. Três casos como práticas de mudança.
Carolina Miguel dos Santos Barreiros
2013-11-06
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In 2010 electric energy consumption grew 4.7% in Portugal reaching 52.2 TWh, the highest annual value recorded. The wind sector continued to grow although at half rate of 2009. Presently Portugal accounts for an installed capacity of 3,987 MW, which accounted for 17% of the country's electric demand.
In 2009, the electricity consumption in Portugal was 49.9 TWh, which represents a reduction of 1.4% in demand, the first decrease since 1981. By the end of December 2009, Portugal had a renewable energy capacipy of 9,093 MW, which represents 51% of the total installed capacity. The energy generation by the renewable power plants during this year correspond to 33% of the generated electricity. The Portuguese wind sector has been growing steadily in the past decade, and in 2009 the country surpassed 3.5 GW of installed wind capacity. Moreover, the wind-generated electricity in Portugal represented 15% of the country's electricity consumption, which is one of the highest wind penetration in the world.
In Portugal, 2012 was an atypical year in Portugal with regards to energy. Due to the efficiency measures implemented in recent years, but also due to the economic recession, electricity consumption in Portugal dropped 3.6% to 49.1 TWh. This represents a reduction of 6% of electricity demand in the last two years (1). It was also an extremely dry year, the fifth driest hydro year of the past 80 years (63% below the normal climate). Therefore, due to the reduced hydro production, the renewable
contribution for the energy mix decreased 17% compared to 2011.
During 2005, Portugal reinforced the tendency shown during 2004 of high growth rate of wind capacity installation. Also visible was some simplification of critical administrative processes concerning the implementation of renewable energy projects and, for the second year in a row, Portugal almost doubled the installed wind power
capacity. In the following sections, a synthesis of the actual situation is presented with a main focus on the Portuguese current state of development and trends.
During 2004, Portugal reversed the tendency of slow wind capacity growth observed in previous years. The publication of legislation and tariffs at the end of 2001 and subsequent government simplifi cation of administrative processes concerning the implementation of renewable energy projects resulted in nearly doubled capacity in Portugal during 2004. In the following sections, a summary of the events of the year is presented with a main focus on the current state of development and trends.
In 2014, the wind energy sector achieved a maturity status within the Portuguese power system. While it still experienced some additional capacity deployment (222 MW), after 15 years of intense deployment Portugal reached 4, 953 MW of installed wind power capacity by the end of 2014. Wind power represents 25% (considering only mainland Portugal) of the total operational capacity and 42% of renewable energy capacity in the country. In 2014, Portuguese wind parks produced 12.1 TWh maintaining a wind energy contribution of 24% of the annually electricity consumption. This high wind penetration was influenced by the favorable wind conditions observed in the first three months of the year over central and northern regions of mainland Portugal that also correspond to the largest concentration of installed wind capacity.
Portugal has its most valuable energy asset in renewable energy resources. It is one of the countries of Europe with a high level of sun radiation, considerable vegetable and animal biomass potential, and a good wind resource.
Portugal also has available hydro resources and possibilities for ocean energy (when that technology reaches maturity). Although Portugal still depends largely on foreign countries for oil, gas, and coal, especially for the transportation sector, in recent years the country has taken a clear path towards a sustainable, renewable-based,
electricity generation. The energy contribution and the investments in the renewable energies are becoming more relevant every year as a strategically sector for the development of the country’s economy. By the end of 2007, Portugal had installed 7,409 MW (1) of renewable-based p...
Within a sustainable development framework, wind energy in Portugal during 2013 continued the trend of the previous years and increased its influence in the Portuguese electricity system. This influence was felt in several ways. Portugal added 192 MW of installed wind power capacity and reached 4,709 MW of wind generation. This represents 23% of renewable energy capacity in the country. With this amount of wind capacity, 11.9 TWh was supplied to the electricity system during the year (1), (2). These increases resulted in a wind power penetration rate of 24% in electricity consumption, rising 4% compared to 2012. The high value of wind penetration was influenced by the especially favorable wind conditions observed in mountain areas where the majority of the installed wind capacity is concentrated. It is important to notice that this amo...
Due to its location, Portugal has several valuable renewable resources for electricity production. It has a high level of solar radiation, moderate wind resource, and considerable vegetable and animal biomass potential. Ocean and hydro resources are also present, mainly the latter—although its major development took place in 2006 with the construction of large hydraulic power stations. Wave energy systems are now under development; the PELAMIS project, the first of its kind, is installed and has been functioning since the beginning of 2008. Nevertheless, Portugal still depends greatly on foreign countries for oil, gas, and coal resources, but it is taking large steps toward sustainable renewables-based electricity generation. Government and competent authorities established several measures in recent years that created incentives to in...
In the past decades, Portugal has had little development of wind power plant installations, mainly due to the low tariffs practised. However, at the end of 2001, the scenario changed with the publication of new legislation and tariffs. By 2003, that change became reflected in the implementation of new wind park projects and a strong increase in the development rate of capacity installed. In the following sections, a synthesis of the past as well as a summary of the current situation is presented with a main focus on the Portuguese current state of development and trends.
