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WBAP-TV (Television station : Fort Worth, Tex.)
1954-12-31
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The structures and energies of various LiC2H2 complexes have been investigated by means of ab initio molecular orbital calculations. Analytic SCF gradients were employed with a double-ζ basis set to locate and characterize stationary points on the energy surface. Single-point CI calculations using a double-ζ + diffuse and polarization basis set have been carried out at the DZ + P SCF stationary points. With the highest-level theory, the Li-vinylidene complex and the cis bridged adduct are found to be the most favorable arrangements, the former complex being slightly more stable by about 2 kcal mol-1. These molecules are bound respectively by about 5 and 3 kcal mole-1 relative to infinitely separated lithium plus acetylene. Harmonic vibrational frequencies are also reported and confirm the existence of the cis LiC2H2 species recently ob...
Today TQM concept is widely used by majority of the world leading companies. However analysis of their performance shows that measurable effects are substantially less as it was expected. Besides that, the implementation of some theoretically important quality management tools often is not very successful in the particular companies. To explain this gap between the theory and practice authors suggest general scheme that reflects interconnections between a company's strategic behavior and quality management impact on it and. In this paper we try to give some interpretation for the results of particular empirical research from viewpoint of our concept. In this empirical research we examine CI implementation patterns of Russian companies and consider them as important part of quality strategy.
Inedible vegetable oils Alternative fuel Biodiesel CI engine Performance and emission characteristics
The heating value of fuel is one of its most important physical properties, and is used for the design and numerical simulation of combustion processes within internal combustion (IC) engines. Recently, there has been a significant increase in the use of dual fuel and blended fuels in compression ignition (CI) engines. Most of the blended fuels include biodiesel as one of the constituents and hence the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of biodiesel content to lower heating value (LHV) and to develop new LHV prediction models that correlate the LHV with biodiesel fraction, density and viscosity. Furthermore, this study also investigated the effects of the LHV on CI engines performance parameters experimentally. To achieve the above mentioned objectives density, viscosity and LHV of rapeseed oil biodiesel, corn oil bio...
Thulium is a heavy rare earth element (REE) whose geochemical behavior is intermediate between Er and Yb, and that is not expected to be decoupled from these elements during accretion of planetary bodies and geological processes. However, irregularities in REE volatilities at higher temperature could have decoupled the REEs relative to one another during the early stages of condensation of the solar nebula. Indeed, positive Tm anomalies are found in some refractory inclusions from carbonaceous chondrites, and it is possible that large scale nebular reservoirs displaying positive or negative Tm anomalies were formed during the early history of the solar system. We analyzed a series of meteorites and terrestrial rocks in order to evaluate the existence of Tm anomalies in planetary materials. Relative to CIs (Ivuna-type carbonaceous chond...
Soy-lecithin; Bio-additive; SVO; Karanj oil; Emission characteristics;
In this study the performance characteristics of a CI engine which is fuelled with biodiesel blends during transient conditions were investigated experimentally based on a four-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection (DI) and turbocharged diesel engine. Different blends from biodiesel and standard diesel (0B, 20B and 100B, 20B means 20% biodiesel and 80% diesel) were tested in the engine operating under two typical transient conditions: the speed varying event and the load varying event. During the experiment, in-cylinder pressure, fuel flow rate and exhaust temperature were measured and detail analyses were carried out on the measured parameters. The analysis conducted on the fuel flow rate shows that the fuel consumption of the engine running with 100B is higher than that of diesel by 16% and 14% for the acceleration and deceleration...
Various research groups across the globe have developed models for engine condition monitoring and fault diagnosis based on the data from steady state performance measurements over the last two decade. However, these performance data are not amenable for easy collection in some situations and some of the data may show little performance deviation at the steady state conditions of operation. The aim of this study is to identify engine operating conditions and parameters that can be used to develop a diagnostic tool for internal combustion (CI) engine running on biodiesel blends fuel. Ricardo Wave Software was used to stimulate healthy and degraded engine. The degraded condition of operation was created by forcing one injector to work with 90%, 80% and 70% of the normal fuel flow efficiency. The measurable performance parameters such as...
In this paper, the combustion noise of a compression ignition (CI) diesel engine operating with biodiesels has been investigated experimentally. It aims to explore an effective method for combustion process monitoring and fuel quality evaluation through analysing the characteristics of the engine combustion noise. The experiments were conducted on a four-cylinder, four-stroke, direct injection and turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with biodiesels (B50 and B100) and normal pure diesel, and operating under different loads and speeds. The signals of cylinder head vibration, engine noise and in-cylinder pressure were measured during the tests. A coherent power spectrum analysis method was used to investigate the vibration and noise signals that related to the combustion process. The results shown that the noise components at the frequency...
Oxygenated fuels Tri-compound fuels NOx reduction Retarded timing Biodiesel-water emulsion EGR
