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Municipal wastewater sludge handling and disposal has become a more and more challenging issue in both developed and developing countries. Sludge production is expected to grow while regulations on sludge disposal have been tightened due to concerns with its high toxicity. In the recent years, energy and material recovery of sludge via thermochemical conversions has attracted much attention in the scientific world. Performance of thermochemical conversions of sludge is largely dependent on the feedstock quality. Thus, comprehensive study of characteristics of sludge is a key component to thermochemical conversion of sludge. This report intended to investigate the characteristics of sludge in Singapore as a feedstock for thermochemical conversion. The characteristics study was done in three aspects, namely, inherent characteristics of s...
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the sneakiest cancer frequently occurred in Southeast Asia and southern China. Due to the vague symptoms and difficulty of physical examination, NPC urgently needs efficient approaches to improve its diagnosis, treatments and understanding of the disease. In our study we employ a high-throughput system, iTRAQ-coupled 2D LC-MS/MS, to analyse the protein profiles of patients’ serum and NPC cell lines in response to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, which is considered as a major factor causing NPC. In the clinical study of patients’ sera, 13 proteins showed significant changes compared with the healthy control. Changed proteins in NPC patients were classified and analysed according to their functions and served as potential biomarker candidates for NPC prognosis. In order to study the influence ...
The critical role that knowledge plays in the prosperity of nations, the long-term survivability of organizations, and the success of individuals is known. However, the role of knowledge in warfare itself has received very little attention from the knowledge management community at large. This is indeed puzzling as knowledge has played and continues to play an important role in warfare. In fact, war can be viewed as extremely Knowledge-Intensive and the proper or improper command and use of knowledge will determine an astounding victory or a crushing defeat, and life or death.
Individuals can derive health benefits from physical activity only if it is done on a regular basis. The worrying trend of declining physical activity levels with age has been consistently observed and young adulthood has been identified as a phase in which individuals are more likely to lead inactive lifestyles. This study took a qualitative approach to explore the personal and environmental issues influencing physical activity among female university students in Singapore. 13 women aged between 21-46 years took part in focus group discussions. Data were analysed inductively using constant comparison method with open and axial coding. The findings suggest that factors at the various levels - intrapersonal, interpersonal, institutional and community - interact to provide a supportive environment for physical activity among the women. I...
Tamiflu is currently the most effective drug for the treatment of influenza. In this part, a practical synthesis of Tamiflu was developed using novel synthetic route, cheap reagents, and abundantly available starting material D-glucal. This strategy features Claisen rearrangement of hexose to obtain the cyclohexene backbone and introduction of diamino groups through tandem intramolecular aziridination and ring opening. In addition, our synthetic protocol allows late-stage functionalization for facile and flexible synthesis of Tamiflu analogues. Using the synthesized Tamiflu and its active metabolite (oseltamivir carboxylate), we investigated their influence on morphology, proliferation, differentiation and vesicular exocytosis (regulated secretion) of neuroendocrine PC12 cells. It was found that oseltamivir carboxylate significantly i...
This research was carried out, looking at the nature and functions of OPC, based on data gathered from the online fan forums which are part of a sub-culture of OPC - online fandom. The main focus was on the focus was on the forums belonging to some of the most popular Chinese singers at the time of the research.
This project aims to study the resource allocation issue in WiFi network, considering the case that different users may have different transmission rates. In addition, theoretical analysis of the impact of the multi-rate on the performance will be investigated as well. WiFi is a mechanism that allows electronic devices to exchange data wirelessly over a computer network. WiFi is a trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance and the brand name for products using the IEEE 802.11 family of standards. IEEE has standardized the 802.11 protocol for Wireless Local Area Networks. The primary medium access control (MAC) technique of 802.11 is called distributed coordinate function (DCF). DCF is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme with binary slotted exponential backoff. There are two packet transmission schemes emp...
This report aims to take you through the two months of my attachment program from 17 November 2003 to 10 January 2004 at my host company, S P Tan & Co.
“SOAP” is one of the thesis film projects, produced by Class of 2012, Digital Filmmaking from School of Art, Design and Media (Nanyang Techonological University). It is a whimsical mixed-medium fantasy short film.
The focus of this study is to propose an IT planning approach based on Zachman’s Information Systems Architecture Framework for aligning business and IT strategies. This qualitative research involved 4 case studies of companies which leveraged on IT as a strategic resource for their business.