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The most well-known tonic plants in South Africa have been used traditionally for the
treatment of a great variety of ailments but aspects of their ethnobotany and chemistry
remain poorly studied. Possible relationships between their ethnobotany and pharmacology
are mostly speculative. In this study, literature reviews of the ethnobotany of these plants
were combined with phytochemical screening studies and bitterness taste testing results in
order to establish constituent patterns which may contribute to a scientific rationale for the
claimed tonic (stimulating) properties of these plants.
The tonic concept and definitions of terms associated with it are often used incorrectly and
ambiguously. An analysis of literature on the traditional healing systems across the globe was
used to establish the historical and cultural aspect...
Work design represents an arrangement in the
workplace that has the objective of overcoming employee alienation
and job dissatisfaction that come about from mechanical and
repetitive tasks in the workplace. This is important in the call centre
working environment where employees spend long hours seating and
providing high concentration to work activities. This paper discusses
the application of work design principles and its impact on
employees in an organisation in order to improve the productivity of
a call centre. Qualitative questionnaires, observations and interviews
were applied to employees of the call centre with a focus on
identifying design problems and main stressors at work. The findings
in this research focus on the need to improve equipment, tools and
the health of employees. The paper demonstrates how work de...
It is generally accepted that employee commitment has a significant impact on organisational performance. The primary goal of this article is to indicate that the ‘commitment/involvement’ concept did not evolve in an evolutionary and progressive fashion. Several problems in the development course of mainly three streams of research literature are indicated. Arguments are presented for indicating causes of concept contamination and even redundancy. In order to bridge these problems, a motivational approach as an integrating mechanism on a metatheoretical level is presented as a solution. The outcomes thereof should lead to better order on a theoretical level and to the parsimonious use of commitment concepts.
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The midwife is the pivot around whom training activities in midwifery revolve. Her knowledge and skill form an inseparable part of the effectiveness of her practice.
The external and internal environment of the midwife play a vital role regarding the demands placed upon her. The internal and external environment of the midwife is dynamic, and change continually. The external environment in the past ten years has undergone marked changes: health policy has changed; legal-ethical changes have occurred; the roles of the private sector and fee-for-service practitioners have changed; a new government with other objectives has placed the emphasis on new needs at professional and lay levels. These changes place new demands on the midwife's practice.
Because the internal and external environments are in interaction, changes in the intern...
Migration is a phenomenon that cannot universally be ignored. Mass migration, or the mass displacement of people, is increasingly drawing public attention, not simply for humanitarian reasons, but because any large scale influx by foreigners tends to create domestic and interstate tensions.
Migration has shown that it holds profound economic, socio-cultural and political ramifications for every state and town in the region. The researcher has become intensively aware of the problems that residents in West Rand are faced with and that internal migration has far-reaching effects on the social functioning of these residents. It has also become evident that a deficiency exists within the social work profession with regard to services rendered to the people influenced by internal migration.
The main objective of this exploratory-des...
The specific topic of this investigation is the crystal chemistry and thermotropic polymorphism of the
inorganic mineral acid salts of the n-alkyldiamines. This series of compounds contain organic cations
with a linear alkane backbone that ranges from short to long chains. As a result their properties changes
according to chain length. As they are salts they have the ability to conduct current resulting in wide
industrial applications, biological as well as in their use as surfactants and ionic liquids at relatively low
temperatures. They also have promising properties for use as propellants, explosives and other
pyrotechnic compositions. Their electrical and electronic properties are under investigation.
Their ability to exhibit polymorphism has not previously been established. Polymorphism is the ability of
a material to exis...
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