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Two factorial experiments were designed to determine the effects of stage of lactation, and season of the year, on cow responses to supplementary feeding. These experiments were conducted over consecutive years with 128 high genetic merit multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows in early, mid and late lactation in spring, summer, autumn and winter. At each stage of lactation, and in each season of the year, cows were offered a restricted pasture allowance (25 to 35 kg dry matter (DM) per cow per day), either unsupplemented (control) or supplemented with 50 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per cow per day in experiment 1 and 80 MJ ME per cow per day in experiment 2. Two different supplements were offered, namely, rolled maize grain (MG) and a mixture of foods (BR) formulated to nutritionally balance the diet. In experiment 2, a fourth treatment c...
No abstract available
Computer simulation of tra c is a widely used method in research of tra c modelling,
planning and development of tra c networks and systems. Vehicular tra c systems are of
growing concern and interest globally and modelling arbitrarily complex tra c systems is a
hard problem. In this article we review some of the tra c simulation software applications,
their features and characteristics as well as the issues these applications face. Additionally, we
introduce some algorithmic ideas, underpinning data structural approaches and quanti able
metrics that can be applied to simulated model systems.
Volcanic rocks are important in compiling geological records because of their characteristic chemistry, relatively fast accumulation and great variety; however, recognizable facies diversity may be useful for reconstructing not only the volcanic processes but also the eruptive environment where the volcanism take place. Volcanic rocks that are significantly fragmented are important from a stratigraphic point of view and they can be used to study palaeoenvironments where these volcanic deposits formed. The increasing importance of fragmental volcanic rocks in geological research is clearly demonstrated by the increasing number of publications that have appeared over recent decades dealing with volcaniclastic deposits and rocks. Different volcanological schools and associated textbooks have been published since the 1980s. Among the many ...
Erosion estimates based on geometrical dimension measurements of eroded maar/diatreme volcanoes are useful methods to determine
syn-volcanic surface level and syn-volcanic bedrock stratigraphy. However, such considerations on volcanic architecture should only
be employed as a first-order approach to determine the state of erosion. We demonstrate, on both young and eroded maar/diatreme volcanoes,
that establishing the volcanic facies architecture gives vital information on the environment in which the volcano erupted. In
‘soft’ rocks, maar volcanoes are broad and underlain by ‘champagne glass’-shaped diatremes. In contrast, the crater wall of maar volcanoes
that erupted through ‘hard rocks’ will be steep, filled with lacustrine volcaniclastic deposits and underlain by deep diatremes.
No abstract available
This paper explores the impacts of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on economic growth in New Zealand. Using an extended industry-level growth accounting model to analyse the proximate sources of growth in per capita output, we focus on differences in total factor productivity (TFP) growth and its sub-components, as well as other major components of labour productivity (LP) growth, that emerge between 'more ICT intensive' and 'less ICT intensive' industries. Employing, alternatively, gross output and net output data, we find great differences and distinct patterns in the growth contributions of the two types of industries. However, the quest to find evidence of positive ICT impacts is still somewhat elusive. Although TFP growth of more ICT intensive industries has steadily increased in importance over time, 'pure' or wi...
We train a face detection system using the PSL framework [1] which combines the AdaBoost
learning algorithm and Haar-like features. We demonstrate the ability of this framework to
overcome some of the challenges inherent in training classifiers that are structured in cascades
of boosted ensembles (CoBE). The PSL classifiers are compared to the Viola-Jones type cas-
caded classifiers. We establish the ability of the PSL framework to produce classifiers in a
complex domain in significantly reduced time frame. They also comprise of fewer boosted en-
sembles albeit at a price of increased false detection rates on our test dataset. We also report
on results from a more diverse number of experiments carried out on the PSL framework in
order to shed more insight into the effects of variations in its adjustable training parameters.
NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in the International Dairy Journal. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in International Dairy Journal, [20, 9, (2010)] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2010.02.014
