Commentary on Section 264 of ITAA 1936: commissioner may require information and evidence
Dabner, Justin
2007-01-01
Search results
136 records were found.
Understanding spoken communication in noisy environments is a task a majority of the world's population takes part in each day. This process is called speech perception. An individual's auditory, visual, and cognitive ability are important during speech perception in non-ideal listening conditions, and while the contributions of perceptual and cognitive abilities have been documented for younger (i.e., 18-30 years old) and older adults (i.e., 60+years old), studies have almost exclusively failed to include non-geriatric adults between 31 and 59 years old. The purpose of the current study was to identify the auditory, visual, and/or cognitive abilities, which could individually or collectively predict an individual's improvement in speech recognition performance, derived from seeing a speaker's face in a non-geriatric adult (i.e., 20-59...
Graduate School,
Office of Research Administration,
University Libraries
Graduate School,
Office of Research Administration,
University Libraries
Some have argued that there is a “retirement savings crisis” (Munnell, Webb, & Golub-Sass, 2007). Accordingly, a number of approaches have been attempted to increase savings in defined contribution plans, the most common type of retirement savings plan. One approach that has shown promise is using behavioral economics principles to influence savings behaviors. Realizing that we are not purely rational consumers who make sound financial decisions based solely on numbers, behavioral economics focuses on the ways that internal and external factors influence human decisions. However, current approaches have been only moderately successful in increasing savings, with that success coming at a great expense to the employer.
There is a need for simple, inexpensive approaches to getting people to save more for retirement. One potential behavio...
In the United States, 39 states have passed legislation banning texting while driving. By
comparison, no state bans hands-free cellular phone use by adults while driving. The concern
regarding texting reflects an underlying assumption that it poses a greater risk than talking on a cellular phone. However, there have been few published studies directly comparing these two tasks and their effects on driving performance. We conducted two experiments comparing the effects of talking on a cell phone and texting on driving performance. Experiment 1 was to compare the effects of texting and talking on a cellular phone on simulated driving performance. The results show that texting has a pervasive negative effect on mean speed, reaction time and eye movements relative to talking on a phone. The difference in performance might be due to the f...
While most seniors are capable, conscientious drivers, some have experienced age-related declines in the skills that support safe driving, thus pose a hazard to themselves and to other road users. There seems to be agreement that older adults should stop driving when their skills have declined to the point that they pose a risk to themselves and others, but there are few guidelines to aid older drivers or their families in determining when one should no longer drive. This study was designed to identify driving behaviors and non-driving measures that predict hazardous driving errors such as leaving the roadway or hitting pedestrians other cars. Ten younger and 30 older adults participated in the study; older participants were divided into three groups of 10 based on performance on cognitive screening tests. Participants completed tests ...
This study evaluated the transfer of training and training efficiency of two virtual reality environments (head-mounted display and personal computer) for a complex manual assembly task. Transfer of training was measured by comparing the post-training performance of two virtual training groups, a real-world training group and a control group that received no training. All training groups were taught to assemble a Lego(TM) forklift model in their respective environment. After training, participants assembled a real-world model of the forklift as well as a novel model of a racecar, which required the same parts as the forklift assembled in a different configuration. Results from this study show that virtual environments can be effective training simulators for complex assembly tasks although they are less efficient than real-world traini...
This dissertation reports a new method for estimating mental workload (MWL) using a
specific type of eye movement called saccadic intrusions (SIs). These studies demonstrate in
laboratory conditions that there is a consistent relationship between MWL and SI eye behavior.
The experiments manipulated MWL using the auditory N-back task, which quantitatively varies
short-term memory load, thus manipulating MWL. While MWL was being manipulated,
participants were engaged in a controlled visual task. Eye movements were recorded during the
visual task and analyzed to determine whether participants had increased SIs as a function of
MWL. The author developed a novel algorithm to quantify SI eye behavior; this algorithm takes
time-series eye movement data as input, automatically searches for the characteristics of SI eye
behavior in the...
Patients often solicit the advice of friends, or receive second-hand reports of ‘friends of a
friend,’ about treatments for medical conditions. These testimonials can play an influential role
in a patient’s selection of a medical course of action (Sutter, 2006; Ubel, Jepson, & Baron,
2001). Similarly, pilots solicit information from various sources when making a “go or no go”
decision about flying (FAA, 1991). However, one area that lacks research concerns the effect of
the “pilot report” (testimonial) that a general aviation (GA) pilot may solicit at their flying club
or Fixed Based Operator (FBO). This testimonial may contain information about actual weather
conditions experience by pilots who have recently landed. The purpose of this study is to
investigate whether pilot testimonials influence decisions to go or no-go and ho...
Watching a speaker‘s face can improve a listener‘s speech understanding, especially at poorer signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Little is known, however, about the effects of visual impairments on speechreading. In a series of studies, young adults‘ visual enhancement to speech intelligibility under normal vision and simulated cataract vision was tested. In Study 1, speech intelligibility was tested while Central Institute for the Deaf Everyday Speech Sentences were presented via live-voice at a fixed -13 dB SNR under normal vision and mild cataract conditions. In Study 2, speech intelligibility was tested while Speech in Noise (SIN) Sentences were presented via high luminance, recorded talker at SNRs ranging from 0 to -21 dB under normal vision and moderate-to-severe cataract vision. In Study 3, speech intelligibility was tested while SI...
